About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with mers have died. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a lethal zoonotic pathogen endemic to the arabian peninsula. To date, 2,400 cases globally have been reported to the world health organization who, including 850 deaths case fatality rate. Illness associated with merscov infection ranges from asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov who. As of 7 july 20, a novel coronavirus, termed middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov had been identified in 80 patients in or from saudi arabia, jordan, qatar, the united arab emirates uae, uk, france, italy, germany, tunisia, jordan. Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases. Middle east respiratory syndromecoronavirus merscov was first isolated in 2012 from a patient in the kingdom of saudi arabia ksa. Since the publication of the mers seminar in the lancet in 2015, 5 merscov cases have.
Identification of sialic acidbinding function for the. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a new human disease that was first reported from saudi arabia in september 2012, after identification of a novel coronavirus cov from a male saudi arabian patient who died from severe pneumonia. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in. Remdesivir rdv is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against rna viruses, including sarscov and middle east respiratory syndrome merscov. Patient 1 was a 69yearold man with pneumonia who received mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission author. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is the latest emerged coronavirus causing severe respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate in humans. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov summary of current situation july 2019 3 of 10 testing on samples collected returned a positive result for merscov on 21 august 2018. Identification of sialic acidbinding function for the middle.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory illness. Middle the east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov posed is an emerging viral disease of global concern. Merscov is not the same as the sarsassociated coronavirus sarscov that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome sars in 2003. Novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory disease.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection. Since it was first reported from saudi arabia in september 2012, 1,211 patients have been detected worldwide, as of june 5, 2015. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome like illness with high pathogenicity and mortality due to the lack of effective therapeutics. As of august 17 2015, 1432 laboratoryconfirmed cases of infection with merscov, including at least 507 deaths, have been confirmed worldwide. Summary of current situation, literature update and risk assessmentas of 5 february 2015 as of 5 february 2015, 971 laboratoryconfirmed cases of human infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov have been reported to who, including at least 356. Currently, only few antiviral agents are available for the treatment of mers, but their effects have been greatly impaired by low antiviral activity, poor metabolic stability, and serious. Pathogenesis of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
Nitazoxanide, a new drug candidate for the treatment of. Illness associated with merscov infection ranges from asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory illness to severe. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov as a causative agent of severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, considered as a global threat, especially against to persian. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to be the most important routes. Since then, and as of 16 january 2020, 2 521 cases have been reported worldwide, including 919 deaths crude case fatality 36%. It is different from other coronaviruses that have previously been found in humans. The nterminal subunit of each s protomer, called s1. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a newly recognized beta coronavirus that was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. Fact sheet about middle east respiratory syndrome mers. Middle east respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus wikipedia. Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Merscov, middle east respiratory syndrome, coronavirus, emerging infectious disease, healthcareassociated transmission, dromedary, camel, epidemiology, viruses, zoonoses created date. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov as a causative agent of severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, considered as a.
Cases have been mostly reported in the middle east, however travelassociated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov. The findings of epidemiological and virological studies prompted us to hypothesize that the human gastrointestinal tract could serve as an alternative. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers, also known as camel flu, is a viral respiratory infection caused by the mers coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is viral respiratory illness that is new to humans. Middle east respiratory syndromecoronavirus merscov is a new human disease that was first reported from saudi arabia in september 2012, after identification of a novel coronavirus cov from a male saudi arabian patient who died from severe pneumonia. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus health. Currently, only few antiviral agents are available for the treatment of mers, but their effects have been greatly impaired by low antiviral activity, poor metabolic stability, and serious adverse effects.
Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory illness caused by a novel human beta coronavirus cov 1, 2. Information about middle east respiratory syndrome mers what is mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a lineage c betacoronavirus found in humans and camels that is different from the other human betacoronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, oc43, and hku1 but closely related to several bat coronaviruses. The middle east is a region encompassing most of western asia and egypt and contains 18 countries with various ethnic groups. As more cases were reported, the case fatality rate changed to 40% from 60% 25.
Infection of rhesus macaques with merscov resulted in the rapid development of a. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection causes a spectrum of respiratory illness, from asymptomatic to mild to fatal. Most mers patients developed severe respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. The disease is typically more severe in those with other health problems. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov has recently emerged in the middle east. Cov, the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome sars, oc43, and hku1. Dromedary camels are a likely source of infection and the virus probably originated in africa. The first described case resulted in acute pneumonia and subsequent renal failure and death, and had similarities with the clinical presentation of sars.
Abstract the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus was. Enzootic patterns of middle east respiratory syndrome. In addition, initially there was a predominance of males. Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome. Current epidemiologic evidence supports a major role in. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov marion kainer md, mph, fracp, fshea director, healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial resistance program tennessee department of health hai. Extensive viable middle east respiratory syndrome mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers coronavirus merscov was first detected in saudi arabia in 2012. First cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infections in france, investigations and implications for the prevention of humantohuman transmission, france, may 20 19 a mailles et al. Impact of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
In a retrospective testing, the first hospital outbreak of merscov. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus on may 29, 20, secretary kathleen sebelius, department of health and human services, determined there is a significant potential for a public health emergency involving the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov that has a significant potential to affect national security or the. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an illness caused by a virus more specifically, a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. To better understand the disease caused by merscov, we developed a rhesus macaque model. It has been associated in most cases with a severe acute pneumonia and 55% of cases have died. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a lineage c betacoronavirus found in humans and camels that is different from the other human betacoronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, oc43, and hku1 but. Since then, cases of mers have been identified in jordan, qatar, the united arab emirates, kuwait, oman, tunisia, germany, france, the united. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is.
A, floor plan of the wellequipped middle east respiratory syndromedesignated hospital where each negativepressure room had an anteroom and postroom. The infecting virus is an enveloped, positivesense, singlestranded rna virus which enters its host cell by binding to the dpp4 receptor. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov was first discovered in 2012 in a patient who died from severe respiratory disease. In contrast, two recently emerged covs induce a more severe lower respiratory infection that may be fatal, middle east respiratory syndrome mers.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. Porter3 and matthias gotte1,2 from the 1 department of medical microbiology and immunology, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, canada. Mild symptoms are nonspecific and can include headache, tiredness, feverishness, mild. Rdv is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of rnadependent rna polymerases rdrps. Merscov is transmitted sporadically from dromedary camels to humans and occasionally through humantohuman contact. Updated information about merscov can be found on the world health organizations website and the united states centers for disease control and preventions website.
The x and slash indicate the air supply and air exhaust, respectively. The clinical spectrum of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards and other lifethreatening complications. Cov that was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a novel coronavirus known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission. It is caused by a virus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or merscov. Most cases have been reported from the arabian peninsula and around 84%. Middle east respiratory syndrome related coronavirus merscov, or emc2012 hcovemc2012, is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. It was first reported in saudi arabia in 2012 and has since spread to several other countries, including the united states. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus keywords. Most cases have been reported from the arabian peninsula and around 84% specifically from saudi arabia, and all cases.
This virus was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. Since 2012, there have been approximately 2,100 confirmed cases, with a 35% case fatality rate. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a novel coronavirus initially identified in saudi arabia in september 2012. The patient was treated and recovered, contacts were identified and followed and no further cases were identified by authorities in the united kingdom. Virion attachment to host cells is mediated by 20nmlong homotrimers of spike envelope protein s. Although about 30% of cases are fatal, mild and asymptomatic infections have been reported.
Management of asymptomatic persons who are rt pcr positive. The disease, middle east respiratory syndrome mers, was initially called a sarslike illness at the beginning of the epidemic, as both are human cov infections that manifest as severe lower respiratory tract infection with extrapulmonary involvement and high casefatality rates 10, 11, whereas the other four covs that cause human. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a novel betacoronavirus that has been circulating in the arabian peninsula since 2012 and causing severe respiratory infections in humans. In the past 15 years, two new deadly zoonotic coronaviruses with epidemic potentialsevere acute respiratory syndrome sarscoronavirus cov1, 2, 3 and middle east respiratory syndrome merscov4, 5have emerged, which have focused the attention of global public health authorities. Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. May 23, 2014 update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov marion kainer md, mph, fracp, fshea director, healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial resistance program tennessee department of health hai. Mers is caused by a novel virus currently named mers coronavirus merscov 1, 2. In september 2012, the world health organization reported the first cases of pneumonia caused by the novel middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus an overview.
However, the mode of virus transmission is not well understood. This novel coronavirus, initially termed human coronavirus emc for erasmus medical center, has been named middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Novel gold nanorodbased hr1 peptide inhibitor for middle. Most people infected with merscov developed severe respiratory illness, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. In september 2012, the acute viral respiratory disease known as middle east respiratory syndrome mers was first reported in saudi arabia. Case definition and public health measures 24 n danielsson et al. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov targets the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract both in humans and in its natural host, the dromedary camel. Secondary infection through humantohuman transmission was confirmed from previous. This novel coronavirus, initially termed human coronavirusemc for erasmus medical center, has been named middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. European centre for disease prevention and control. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov causes a severe acute respiratory syndromelike illness with high pathogenicity and mortality due to the lack of effective therapeutics.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory. The findings of epidemiological and virological studies prompted us to hypothesize that the human gastrointestinal tract could serve as an alternative route to acquire merscov infection. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory illness caused by a novel human betacoronavirus cov 1, 2. Severe respiratory disease associated with middle east respiratory. April 30, 2014 1 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov johns hopkins ofice of critical event preparedness. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in the.
1305 925 1083 557 1489 790 424 510 428 703 869 883 722 1173 1114 479 111 914 542 311 671 898 497 481 733 896 916 214 328 971 884 55 453 1105