This virus was observed on tomato plants for first time in saudi arabia in 1978 and has been endemic since then. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is a circular single strand dna begomovirus, which causes one of the most important diseases in tomato worldwide. Molecular characterization of a naturally occurring. Recently there has been a lot of publicity concerning. It summarizes the techniques used for diagnosis, eradication and certification and emphasizes the problems inherent to the control of the virus insect vector, the use of pesticides and the resistance acquired by the insects, the appearance of new whitefly biotypes with previously unknown characteristics, and the complex relations between virus.
Scientific opinion on the pest categorisation of tomato. However this symptom could be also due to other viruses, bacterial diseases. What makes tomato leaves twist or curl how do i treat. Introduction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus into the dominican republic. In tropical and subtropical regions, total losses of tomato crops have been reported. This disease probably entered florida this past spring from the caribbean in the form of infected plants, plants hosting infective whiteflies or. Pdf molecular screening of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Uhctahr tomato ellow eaf curl irusresistant arieties for commercial production pd78 ov. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus differentially influences. Cultured tomatoes are often exposed to a combination of extreme heat and infection with tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is a whitefly transmitted geminivirus that causes severe damage to tomato crops in the middle east cohen and harpaz, 1964. It is a constant problem in commercial fields throughout florida. Schuster 35 evaluation of kocide 3000 for controlling bacterial soft rot and sour rot in tomato fruit jerry a. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is a tomato solanum lycopersicuminfecting plant virus transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci 1,2.
Leaf yellowing marginal yellowing of older leaves can be due to magnesium deficiency. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus is undoubtedly one of the most damaging. Kyotemari is the commercial name for the parthenocarpic tomato mpk1, which has been vegetatively propagated and distributed to local farmers in kyoto city for commercial cultivation. New insecticides for management of tomato yellow leaf curl.
Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato in north florida1 tim momol, steve olson, joe funderburk, and richard sprenkel2 1. The genomic dna molecule of an israeli isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv, a whiteflytransmitted geminivirus, was amplified from total dna extracts of tylcvinfected plants. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato. Seven different species belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus cluster have been identified abhary et al. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv spring 2012 is the worst tomato disease, because can have tremendous impact in yields.
Palmetto, fl 34221 ken shuler university of florida, ifas. Tomato yellow leaf curl tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato, symptoms are more severe when infected at an earier age and vary somewhat among the different cultivars. Since the first report of tylcd by cohen in israel, the virus causing the disease has spread and now causes heavy yield losses worldwide. Affected plants are stunted, their leaflets are rolled upwards and. In texas, the most common virus encountered is the tomato yellow leaf curl virus. University of florida institute of food and agricultural sciences. Single symptoms have other possible causes when they develop in tomato as follows. Tomato leaf curl is a destructive viral disease caused by a virus in the geminivirus family of plant viruses, tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv. The entire plant may also show signs of stunted growth, decline in fruit production, yellowed leaf edges, and purple colored veins on the undersides of leaves. The jordanian isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus has a narrow host range restricted to a few solanaceous plants. Fine mapping of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance gene ty2 on. Disease is managed primarily by chemical control of the vector, the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci genn. The whiteflyborne tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv, a geminivirus, causes severe damage to tomatoes in the mediterranean basin.
New insecticides for management of tomato yellow leaf curl, a. Plants affected by tylcv may have enlarged stem with numerous adventitious roots. Field evaluation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato, symptoms are more severe when infected at an earier age and vary somewhat among the different cultivars.
Geminiviruses spread to tomatoes and other plants exclusively by the sweet potato or silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci. Resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato. View tomato yellow leaf curl virus research papers on academia. Accordingly, tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is the name of the virus isolated in israel.
The effect of the repeal of this regulation is to remove authority for the state to prohibit the entry of tomato plants from florida under this regulation. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is one of the most economically important diseases of tomato globally moriones and navascastillo 2010. Tylcv is widespread and can be found in most places where to mato is grown. All primer sets described above used the same pcr program to. Leaves of yellow straightneck squash and zucchini were thickened and distorted, as well as curled and crumpled. Two begomoviruses, tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv and african. Symptoms of yellow leaf margin, upward leaf curling, and stunting due totyclv infection could start at any stage in crop production, and could affect yield. Severe symptoms developed on tomatoes and datura stramonium, whereas nicotiana glutinosa and n. Leaf curl upward progressive lower leaf curl is most likely due to physiological leaf curl.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus management for homeowners. Interfering with transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus on tomato. The tomato yellow leaf curl disease is a devastating viral disease of tomato melzer, et al, 2009 tylcv first detected and identified in commercial tomato plantings around oahu and maui in 2009 currently found in the kona area of hawaii. Karuiki other topics 40 field study for analyzing the opportunities to change the box. The management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in greenhouses and the open field, a strategy of manipulation. New insecticides for management of tomato yellow leaf curl, a virus vectored by the silverleaf whitefly, bemisia tabaci. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease springerlink. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease is caused by at least 57 different geminivirus species of which tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv belongs to the genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae, is a major contributor. A single vt62940 plant developed symptoms of tomato yellow leaf curl and tested positive for the virus. It is widely distributed in asia, subsaharan africa, the caribbean islands, australia, and the usa. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv infections result in decreased tomato growth and reduced yields, and the production is almost entirely lost if plants are infected during early growth. Hence this datasheet will refer only to the tylcv complex, not to the other, different, tomato begomoviruses. A team of virologists and plant geneticists at wageningen ur has demonstrated that when tomato plants contain ty1 resistance to the important tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv, parts of the virus dna the genome become hypermethylated, the result being that virus replication and transcription is.
Cucurbit leaf curl virus, a new whitefly transmitted geminivirus in arizona, texas, and mexico. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in south florida conditions. Tomato leaf curl sudan virus tolcsdv is a singlestranded dna begomovirus of tomato that causes downward leaf curl, yellowing, and stunting. Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is a virus species causing. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv this virus was first introduced into florida in miamidade county in 1997.
In july 1997, symptoms characteristic of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcvis were observed on one tomato plant in a field in collier county, florida, and on several tomato plants in a retail garden center in sarasota, florida. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease tylcd has become the key limiting factor for the production of tomato in many areas. Leaf curl disease results in significant yield reduction in tomato crops in the nile basin. Introduction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in florida. Rna interferencebased resistance in transgenic tomato.
Agricultural sciences ufifas tomato breeding program initiated its. Henryk czosnek department of field crops and genetics, and the otto warburg center for biotechnology in agriculture, faculty of agricultural, food and environmental quality sciences, the hebrew university of jerusalem, rehovot 76100, p. Recently there has been a lot of publicity concerning the latest imported pest problem of florida agriculture tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv. It is spread by whiteflies and can be found in most areas where tomato is grown, causing significant losses. Yellow leaf curl virus, for example is transmitted by whiteflies, and new leaves on infected plants become cupped and pale green in color. Plant samples of pepper capsicum frutescens and common bean showing leaf yellowing and. In november 2006, cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv, a virus new to florida, was found in squash cucurbita pepo l. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, also known as tylcv, was found in two home gardens in the phoenix area. Geminiviridae transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. This proposed action will repeal the tomato yellow leaf curl virus exterior quarantine, section 3286. Effectiveness of cyantraniliprole for managing bemisia tabaci ncbi. Molecular screening of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato cultivars at buyeo tomato experiment.
Tomato yellow leaf curl is a disease of tomato caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection mitigates the heat. Categories have been assigned by the eppo secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. Tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus, tomato yellow leaf curl malaga virus, tylcvalmeria, and tylcvmld lapidot m, unpublished. Cdfa plant health tomato yellow leaf curl virus archive. Field evaluations of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato in north florida. Fine mapping of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance gene ty.
Recessive resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus from the tomato cultivar tyking is located in the same region as ty5 on chromosome 4. A new plant virus identified in fall 2006 in arizona threatens not only home gardens, but also the commercial tomato industry in the state. Inheritance of tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance from. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus greenlife crop protection. Ty6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10. Leaf curl, yellow leaf curl hosts tomato, pepper, eggplant, okra, tobacco, beans, cotton, cucurbits, citrus, and other crops as secondary hosts affected plant stages seedling and vegetative stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms infected plant has stunted young leaves and shoots. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv, a member of the genus bego movirus. Leaf symptoms include chlorotic margins, small leaves which are cupped, thick and. Tomato production worldwide is under the constant threat of geminiviruses genus. The complete dna sequence 2734 nucleotides of the monopartite genome of tomato yellow leaf curl china virus tylccnv, a begomovirus transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, was determined. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is one of the most economically. The circular genomic dna contains six open reading frames orfs encoding proteins of molecular weights 10 kda, of which two v1 and v2 are located on the virionsense strand and four c1, c2, c3 and.
In the current study, we investigated how tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv influences the outcome of interactions among its tomato host solanum lycopersicum, the whitefly vector bemisia tabaci hemiptera. Ty6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv, a begomovirus in the family geminiviridae, is an important disease of cultivated tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Several tomato production regions in china were surveyed for tomato yellow leaf curl disease tylcd, and 31 tomato leaf samples showing tylcdlike symptoms were collected. Viruses in the geminivirus group are most often the culprit for virusbased leaf twisting in tomatoes. Tomato yellow leaf curl tomato yellow leaf curl is a destructive viral disease of tomato caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv. Ty6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato mottle virus.
Although rarely seen tylcc can affect young transplants causing yellowing and curling of leaves in transplant production facilities. Recessive resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus from. Some begomoviruses infecting tomato, such as tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv have a single dnaa like genomic component monopartite navot et al. The partial or fulllength genomes of these isolates were sequenced and tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv was detected in shanghai, zhejiang, jiangsu shandong and hebei provinces of china. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv university of florida. This document is fact sheet pp184, one of a series of the plant pathology department, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, university of florida. Molecular characterization of tomato yellow leaf curl. We have observed it in gardens throughout southern florida, especially in areas with significant commercial tomato production. Tomato yellow leaf curl uf plant pathology university of florida. Statewide integrated pest management program, university of california. Ty3 into cultivated tomato have been the major focus in breeding programs.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus research papers academia. Two begomoviruses, tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv and african cassava mosaic virus acmv, were recently listed among top 10 crop viruses due to their scientific importance and global economic impact rybicki 2015. Flower abscission in tomato resulting in greatly reduced fruit set. The virus has been known in israel for over 40 years and in australia queensland since 2006. Current distribution of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the risk assessment area, based on answers received from the 28. Tolcsdv symptoms resemble those caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus, a distinct and widespread begomovirus originating in the middle east. They correspond to an evaluation of the biological importance of the host plant for the pest concerned, together with the economic importance of this plant for the eppo region. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus source tobacco mosaic virus a more common occurrence is the tobacco mosaic virus tmv which causes the leaves to be deformed with light and dark green mosaic patterns on the leaves with the leaves curling upwards if they curl. International standards for phytosanitary measures ispm 11 fao, 20 and ispm 21 fao, 2004 pest categorisation criteria under evaluation 8 table 2. Begomoviruses, from the family geminiviridae, cause economically significant diseases of major vegetable crops in the world. Ty3, a begomovirus resistance locus near the tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance locus ty1 on chromosome 6 of tomato.
900 193 1217 27 532 951 138 233 932 1035 266 563 1104 367 1372 1482 514 1448 443 428 120 166 1275 135 1087 29 485 1444 1344 1366 1167 797 1435 870